The biodiversity crisis has come to our backyards. In less than a single human lifetime, 2.9 billion breeding adult birds have been lost from the United States and Canada, across every ecosystem and including familiar birds: The Dark-eyed Junco has lost an incredible 175 million individuals from its population. The White-throated Sparrow has lost 93 million. Learn how you can get involved to bring back the birds.
To put it another way, weve lost more than a quarter of our birdlife since 1970. These findings were reported in the worlds leading scientific journal, Science, by researchers at seven institutions, including American Bird Conservancy. Get the details of the study, or see and share our short video.
Birds are signaling a broader crisis in the natural world — one that is echoed by global losses in insects, amphibians, and other wildlife. The disappearance of even common bird species indicates a shift in our ecosystems ability to support basic birdlife.
Of the nearly 3 billion birds lost, 90% came from just 12 bird families, including sparrows, warblers, finches, and swallows. These common, widespread species play influential roles in ecosystems. If theyre in trouble, the wider web of life, including us, is in trouble, too.
Although the study did not investigate causes, scientists have identified that habitat loss is the biggest overall driver of bird declines. Habitat loss occurs when land is converted for agriculture, development, resource extraction, and other uses. Habitat degradation is a second cause of losses. In this case, habitat doesnt disappear outright but becomes less able to support birds, such as when habitat is fragmented, altered by invasive plants, or when water quality is compromised. Learn more about threats to birds.
Climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats, as well as creating new challenges; for example, by changing habitat distributions and shifting the timing of peak food supplies for birds.
Reversing such a massive decline in birds will require action at all scales, from landscape-level land-use changes and national policies affecting birds, to individual actions. If youre ready to help, here are seven things you can start (and share) today.
1. Make Windows Safer, Day and Night: Simple adjustments to your windows can save birds lives. Get ideas here.
2. Keep Cats Indoors (or Contained): Indoor cats, and those kept contained when outside, live longer, healthier lives. See our cats and birds solutions page.
3. Reduce Lawn by Planting Native Species: The U.S. has 63 million acres of lawn. Thats a huge potential for supporting wildlife. Find out more about how you can help birds through landscaping.
4. Avoid Pesticides: Look for organic food choices. Learn more about neonicotinoids: the worlds most commonly used pesticides are toxic to birds — and they may be in products that you unknowingly buy.
5. Drink Bird-Friendly Coffee: Bird-friendly coffee is delicious, economically beneficial to farmers, and helps more than 42 species of North American songbirds. Heres an example featuring the Wood Thrush. Look for bird-friendly certified coffee in your store or ask the store to stock certified products.
6. Protect Our Planet From Plastics: Avoid single-use plastics. Unfortunately, 91% of plastics are not recycled, and they take 400 years to degrade. Seabirds are among the birds most at risk from plastic pollution.
7. Watch Birds, Share What You See: Birders are one of sciences most vital sources of data on how the ecological world is faring. Make sure you contribute your data to eBird and other Citizen Science efforts.
ABCs “50-50-5” plan is our response to the bird crisis. It will make a transformational difference for birds, and at the same time, protect millions of additional species of plants and animals. In this way, ABCs conservation actions will make a huge contribution to solving our planets biodiversity and climate crises.
At the heart of our 50-50-5 plan is a commitment to save 50 flagship bird species, protect and conserve 50 million acres, and fight 5 critical threats. Your support will help put our plan in motion. If there is just one thing you can do to help birds, this is it. Donate today!
Citation: Rosenberg, K. V. et al. 2019. Decline of the North American Avifauna. Science 365(6461). doi: 10.1126/science.aaw1313
Contributors: Cornell Lab of Ornithology, American Bird Conservancy, Environment and Climate Change Canada, U.S. Geological Survey, Bird Conservatory of the Rockies, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, Georgetown University.
Data were contributed by citizen-science participants in the Audubon Christmas Bird Count, Breeding Bird Survey, and other bird-monitoring initiatives. The Partners in Flight Avian Conservation Assessment Database was a critical source for the data.
The photo treatment for the 3 Billion Birds campaign was created by Beaconfire and provided courtesy National Audubon Society, one of American Bird Conservancys campaign partners.
Great auk edit A taxidermized Great Auk
The North Atlantic Ocean and its neighboring islands were home to the flightless marine bird known as the Great Auk, sometimes referred to as the “Penguin of the North.” Its former range included continental Europe and the United States. But by the 1800s, its range had contracted, and it was only breeding on a small number of rocky islands in the North Atlantic. Hunters preyed on the Great Auks during their breeding season, when they nested in large colonies on rocky islands, and targeted them for their coveted down, eggs, and skins. When the birds were not breeding, [22] it was much harder to hunt because they were less focused and mostly found in cold waters, where they were proficient swimmers. The last recorded sighting of the species in its natural habitat occurred in 1844 when fishermen discovered a breeding pair and strangled them in an attempt to sell the birds’ valuable skins. Around this time, the Great Auk is thought to have gone extinct. [23].
Invasive species edit
The survival of birds can also be seriously threatened by invasive species, as birds with restricted ranges (e.g., g. , island species) at greater risk. [12] Invasives dangerous to birds (pigs, rodents, etc. usually cause harm to bird species by ground-level predation, against which many island-endemic species lack experience or immunity. For the critically endangered Kākāpō parrot in New Zealand, crypsis—a minimally mobile state—is their only defense against predators. This behavior is effective against native predators (i. e. , raptors), but it has no effect on deterring New Zealand’s invasive mammals (e g. , rats, cats, and stoats). [13].
Numerous disease-related bird extinction events are also correlated with introduced species One family of finches that is native to Hawaii is the Hawaiian honeycreeper family. Avian malaria damages Hawaiian honeycreeper populations, and it spreads to these birds in tandem with the arrival of the invasive southern house mosquito, a known vector of avian malaria. [14].
Notable examples edit
One of the most well-known extinct bird species is probably the dodo. The Dodo was a plump, flightless bird that was only found on the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. It was closely related to doves. [15][16] Their progeny adapted to their surroundings, as is frequently observed in species living on an isolated island with an abundance of food and no predators. [17] Dodos were large and robust compared to other doves and were flightless. Around the turn of the 15th century, the Dutch claimed Mauritius, and numerous Dutch explorers saw and documented the Dodo Because of their plentiful meat and ease of capture, mariners found them to be a tempting meal, and many of them were killed and consumed. They may have declined as a result of hunting, but introduced species are thought to have played a major role in their extinction. Due to their success and abundance, the introduced pigs on Mauritius probably killed dodo babies and outcompeted adults. In addition to habitat loss and the arrival of numerous other invasive species, it is believed that the dodo became extinct in the late 1600s[18], probably before taxonomists had a chance to fully describe it. [19] Its abrupt disappearance emphasizes how vulnerable endemic island species are, and the dodo acts as a prototype for anthropogenic extinction. [20].
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