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Extant species
Species in taxonomic sequence | |||
---|---|---|---|
Common and binomial names | Range | ||
Dows puffin (†Fratercula dowi) | Channel Islands of California Late Pleistocene |
The stocky, short-tailed, black-upper, and white or brownish-grey underparts of puffins are characteristics of these birds. The feet are orange-red, the face is mostly white, and the head is topped with a black cap. The bill appears large and colorful during the breeding season. After the breeding season, the bill’s colorful outer layer sheds, exposing the smaller, duller true bill underneath. They are also called “sea parrots” and “clowns of the sea” due to their remarkable appearance.
Puffins are silent at sea, despite being talkative at their breeding colonies. Usually flying 10 m (33 ft) above the water, they are comparatively high above the 1 6 m (5. 2 ft) of other auks.
Feeding Atlantic puffin with fish
While puffins, like many auks, eat both fish and zooplankton, they mainly feed small marine fish to their chicks multiple times a day. Rather than regurgitating fish they have swallowed, puffins are unique in that they can hold several (sometimes over a dozen) small fish at a time, crosswise in their bill. Because they can return from their foraging excursions with more food energy for their chick than a bird that can only carry one fish at a time, this enables them to go on longer foraging excursions. Their beak’s special hinging mechanism, which enables the upper and lower biting edges to meet at a variety of angles, enables them to exhibit this behavior.
Animal scientists saw puffins scratching themselves with sticks in two different regions in 2019, suggesting that the seabirds can use tools to some extent. [27][28].
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