Mass Audubon often receives questions from concerned bird watchers asking, in essence: “Why are there no birds?” Where there were once a lot of birds in the yard or at feeders, now there are almost none.
Unless there has been a significant change in the immediate area of a feeder, or in the local habitat, the answer will usually be explained by population dynamics. Populations of all songbirds are subject to natural fluctuations from year to year. These are usually associated with widespread success or failure during the breeding season, which in turn is related to weather, food supply, predators, and other conditions.
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Bird Populations Vary with the Seasons
Many people believe that the birds they regularly observe in their yards are constant elements, much like the trees and shrubs. In fact, however, bird populations are extremely dynamic.
For example, in some years a different wintering population replaces most, if not all, of the summering chickadees, Blue Jays, and other “resident” birds. Because members of the same species tend to look pretty much the same, changes in the number of feeding birds are usually undetectable unless concentrations grow noticeably high or until the departing visitors are not quickly replaced by a fresh batch of hungry patrons.
People may begin searching nearby woodlots when they notice a concerning disappearance of birds in the early fall, and their concerns are validated. There’s a pall of silence and inactivity where the woods used to be full of singing birds. This too is completely normal. By late summer, bird song essentially stops, with the exception of exceptionally talkative species like mockingbirds.
Because bird song is such a significant aspect of our time outdoors, we frequently overlook its absence on pleasant September days unless we are actively listening for it. Birds tend to form feeding flocks once they leave their breeding grounds, and when one or more of these flocks are elsewhere, it is not uncommon for large swaths of the landscape to be devoid of birds. A protracted quiet in the depths of an autumn forest is not concerning.
Birds Find Food in the Wild
Berries, weed seeds, mast (acorns and other nuts), and invertebrate sources like lace bug larvae are examples of wild foods. The seasonal and annual availability of these foods is subject to change. Birds will leave areas with less bounty and congregate in areas with a particularly high concentration of wild foods.
The number of winter residents will depend on the availability of food in the wild. For instance, if the mast crop in Massachusetts is poor, Blue Jays will move farther south to areas with higher natural food sources. The fields stay open and the weed seeds are available to seedeaters, especially Dark-eyed Juncos and Tree Sparrows, when Massachusetts has an exceptionally open winter early in the season.
FAQ
Why have the birds suddenly disappeared from my yard?
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Do backyard birds stay in the same area?
What happened to the birds in New Hampshire?